英式音標(biāo)和美式音標(biāo)：dog: 英[d?g] 美[d?ɡ]

?就是大嘴音，念出來(lái)類(lèi)似凹

你可以去百度搜一下，里面有發(fā)音，可以聽(tīng)，建議你去試一下。

我給你按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IPA 就是國(guó)際音標(biāo)講解一下啊，至于你看的哪本字典我不知道，但我參考的是朗文發(fā)音詞典。

總的說(shuō) 你的漢語(yǔ)注視的解釋是對(duì)的，一個(gè)是道格，一個(gè)是大哥，那個(gè)大哥不用那么長(zhǎng)。

dog這個(gè)詞正經(jīng)的發(fā)音是英/d?g/美/d?://dαg/。美音中我標(biāo)了兩個(gè)音，說(shuō)明有些美國(guó)人發(fā)前一個(gè)音，有些人發(fā)后一個(gè)音。這種發(fā)后一種/dαg/的現(xiàn)象叫Father-bother合并現(xiàn)象（Father-bother merger），多發(fā)生在美國(guó)東北部以外的地方。其實(shí)英美音的不同是因?yàn)樗麄冞€發(fā)生了一個(gè)cot-caught merger，這樣一些美國(guó)人也不說(shuō)/d?:/，直接說(shuō)/d?g/，然后再加上Father-bother merger，就變成了/dαg/。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IPA中/?/和/α/是一對(duì)音，區(qū)別僅僅是/α/不圓嘴，/?/圓嘴。/?/和/?/都圓嘴，發(fā)嗷音，但/?/音的嘴型要比/?/小一些。

你打出來(lái)的/a/音和/α/還是不一樣的，它們都發(fā)啊音，但/a/的舌頭要比/α/的舌頭靠前，/α/的舌頭完全靠后，發(fā)音時(shí)有種要唱美聲的感覺(jué)，你說(shuō)的那個(gè)超級(jí)大嘴啊音是指的這個(gè)音，是英國(guó)RP的典型特點(diǎn)，叫broad A；/a/是雙元音/ai/的第一個(gè)因素的發(fā)音。我有時(shí)候?yàn)榱朔奖阋灿胊代替α。

關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的音標(biāo)：

congratulation英音：

[k?n,gr?tju'lei??n]

有原音，有輔音，我一般就靠讀音標(biāo)記住單詞。比如上面這個(gè)祝賀，第一字母是讀k，不要發(fā)出音，第二個(gè)o讀額，第三個(gè)n，加點(diǎn)鼻音，連起來(lái)就像我們小時(shí)侯學(xué)漢語(yǔ)拼音一樣，有點(diǎn)像“坑”，后面也是一樣的對(duì)號(hào)入座，這樣甚至?xí)岣吣愕谋秤浤芰Γ吘拱l(fā)同樣音的在少數(shù)。

1 元音:

1) [i:] 字母組合:ee ea e ie

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek

eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please

he she me

piece receive ceiling

2) [i] 發(fā)音字母 i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss

myth many twenty happy dictionary

defect decide delicious

3) [? ]發(fā)音字母 a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母組合 ea e a

head bread pleasure

elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes

many any

5) [?:] 字母組合ir ur ear ur or

girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

learn earn earth heard

term her nerd serve

work worm work world

6) [?] 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder

doctor actor mayor author tractor

delicious gracious pleasure

familiar collar dollar

together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china

men listen

famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母組合 ar a

car farm card arm garden

fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [?] 發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

come mother dose brother love above

trouble rough flourish

blood flood

9) [?:]字母組合 al or au our ar

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn

four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

10) [?] / [?]發(fā)音字母 o a

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not

want wash

11) [u:] 字母組合 oo o u

food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth

shoe do two

true truth blue full

12) [u] 字母組合 oo ou u o

look good foot book

should could

put full bull pull push

women whose

13) [ei] 發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April

play say may way

great break

rain paint plain

they grey

14) [ai] 發(fā)音字母 i y

bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye

15) [au] 字母組合 ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse

flower down now cow how town

16) [?u] 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa

home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow

boat coat goal

17) [??] 字母組合oy oi

boy toy joy

oil soil voice choice

18) [i?] 字母組合 eer

beer deer ear idea near here fierce

19) [e?] 字母組合ear air

pear bear chair air fair care there where

20) [u?]

tour poor

2 容易混淆的元音

[?] [e]

bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said

[i：] [ei]

real rail greet great mean main read raid

[e] [ai]

bet bite red write said side head hide

[au] [?:]

house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn

[au] [?]

found fond down done gown gone town ton

3輔音

1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b] book big boot bike bread break

3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city

4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發(fā)音字母k)

card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發(fā)音字母c)

fox box oxygen x-ray (發(fā)音字母x)

school schedule schema (字母組合ch)

6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language

7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb

8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

9) [?] uncle bank English think thank junk

sing king morning evening

10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black

world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write

12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife

cough laugh rough physic photo phone

13) [v] very evening even every voice vest

14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發(fā)音字母s)

license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發(fā)音字母c)

licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce)

15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap

close nose hose suppose pause those whose

16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

17) [e] that this those these though

18) [?] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash

nation attention station

social special

sure

19) [??] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who

21) [w] when what where window wind wood

22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

23) [t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach

24) [d?] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

joy enjoy join July June junk

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的輔音

[v] [w]

vest west vet wet vine wine very well

[s] [θ]

sink think mass math miss myth sort sought

[z] [e]

close cloth breeze breathe

[n] [?]

thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

添加一點(diǎn):

9) [?:]字母組合 al or au our ar aw

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn

four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

draw saw flaw

23) [t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母組合ch）

catch watch match （字母組合tch)

5 字母，組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律

1）a [ei] [?] [?] [a:] [?:]

late private grade bake grape nation station page

active hand bank fan parent family glad flag

accept about above formative machine cinema

fast last glass class past father

wash what watch want

2）e [i:] [e] [i] [?] 不發(fā)音

appreciate extremely secret she me he

letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore

problem prosperous student confident

active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [i]

high price library ice cream wife size line

fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4）o [?u] [u:] [?] [?] [?]

lode host cold note okay old home

lose do who whose prove

love some other mother honey company

today tomorrow together control collect

lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ju] [u] [?] [?]

university refuse unique universe huge

put push pull full bull

but brush bucket duck bubble

support suggest

6）c [k] [s]

country camp camera courage cable

city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7）g [g] [d?] [?]

girl grade glass glade bag flag

village vegetable bridge gentleman gym

long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 讀音不同

listen learn language collect English gorilla

world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [?]

moon night noodle number

uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r] [[](美語(yǔ)發(fā)音)

right read write grade progress

card board door floor form north

11）y [j] [i] [ai]

yellow year yell young yolk

university country pretty happy

dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [a:] [?] [?:]

farm card garden mark

dollar

warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i?]

cease season breathe feature meat please

bread breast breath meadow weather

great break

idea realize

14) ear [?:] [i?]

learn earth earn heard

hear near clear ear fear

15) er [?:] [?] [i?]

deserve serve her person

teacher driver anger singer

serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [i?] [ε?]

here mere fere sere

there

17) ir [?:] [ai]

shirt girl skirt

admire desire

18) oo [u:] [u] [?] [?:]

room tool cool moon noon goof food

good foot stood wood wool cook wood book

blood flood

door floor

19) or [?:] [?:] [?]

short form corn born for

work world worm word worst

tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [?:] [u?]

door floor

moor poor boor

21) our [u?] [?:]

hour tour flour bourn lour

pour court four mourn

22) ou [au] [?] [?]

house mouth mouse sound found

enough trouble touch

delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [?u] [au]

window meadow know show low

now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s]

nose suppose gose lose pose rose

mouse house

25) th [θ] [e]

thank think thought cloth

clothes that this then than

26) sion [? ? n] [? ? n]

propulsion tension progression passion

protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [? ? n] [t? ? n](不常見(jiàn))

station nation translation attention

question

6關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念:

Phonics 是一種(方法), 是教育學(xué)習(xí)者從字母排列中去拼讀出單個(gè)字來(lái).

AHD表示美語(yǔ)發(fā)音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AHD）

KK音標(biāo)是一套(注音符號(hào)系統(tǒng)),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott兩位美國(guó)學(xué)者共同編著的發(fā)音詞典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于標(biāo)注美式發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng), 這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法，從此人們把美語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱(chēng)為KK音標(biāo)。

DJ是根據(jù)英國(guó)學(xué)者Daniel Jones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的標(biāo)音而來(lái).

英式讀音根據(jù)的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英語(yǔ)正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱(chēng)為“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音）的讀音，這在受過(guò)教育的英國(guó)人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。

1888年國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì) (International Phonetic Association) 的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家便制定出一套可國(guó)際通用的語(yǔ)音符號(hào)叫國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào) (IPA―International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。

國(guó)內(nèi)的英文字典里最常見(jiàn)的音標(biāo)為英式發(fā)音的國(guó)際音標(biāo) (DJ) 和美式發(fā)音的KK音標(biāo)，前者乃根據(jù)Daniel Jones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，后者則是根據(jù)John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK音標(biāo)所使用的符號(hào)均從前面提到的國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào) (IPA) 而來(lái)，Kenyon & Knott二氏僅將其中適用于美式英語(yǔ)的符號(hào)截取出來(lái)。

音素: 音的最小單位,英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素.

音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位.

元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音.

輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音.

開(kāi)音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine

2)輔音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello

閉音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head

2)元音+輔音 it is of in on up out ant

…舉例子我覺(jué)得沒(méi)什么必要，我上初中讀音標(biāo)就是不會(huì)啊，雖然每個(gè)元音輔音都會(huì)，怎么辦呢？你就讀你會(huì)讀的，自己慢慢尋找發(fā)音規(guī)律，多讀，這個(gè)是自然而成的，規(guī)則這種東西，記不記得無(wú)所謂

網(wǎng)上有真人版教讀音，你搜一下就可以找到，還是很簡(jiǎn)單的。你如果在南京 ，可以和我直接聯(lián)系，我可以教。